Despite this increased winter warming, the mean annual polar amplification is slightly reduced by ice thermodynamic processes. When latent heat transport is turned off, the polar amplification is even stronger. IPCC AR global warming simulations reveal a pronounced seasonality of polar warming amplification with maximum warming amplification in winter and minimum in summer. In this article, we. Abstract. Previous studies have attributed weaker or slower overall polar amplification in Antarctica compared to the Arctic to a weaker Antarctic surface albedo feedback and also to more efficient absorption of ocean heat in the Southern Ocean in combination with the depletion of the Antarctic ozone layer. Here, the role of Antarctic surface height, 1 IPCC AR global warming simulations reveal a pronounced seasonality of polar warming amplification with maximum warming amplification in winter and minimum in summer. In this paper we study the relative importance of SAF surface albedo feedback, changes in CRF cloud radiative forcing, changes in sensitive surface area, climate model simulations available from PMIP1, PMIP CMIP IPCC-AR4 intercomparison projects for past and future climate change simulations are examined in terms of polar temperature changes relative to global temperature changes and relative to pre-industrial baseline simulations. For the mid-Holocene, in this paper we use a dry radiative transport climate model to illustrate that poleward atmospheric heat transport plays an important role in amplifying polar surface warming due to gases at anthropogenic greenhouse effect. Due to a much warmer surface in the tropics, anthropogenic radiative forcing is greater in the tropics than in the tropics. However, as Stuecker et al. 2018, extrapolar forcing contributes less to polar amplification than local mechanisms. Local and distant feedbacks are tightly coupled and can interact and.