This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the problem-based learning model in improving students' critical thinking skills, scientific literacy, and independence in biology education. THE. Scientific literacy SL and critical thinking CT are key elements of science education aimed at preparing students to think and function as responsible citizens in a world increasingly affected by science and technology S amp T Therefore, students should have the opportunity in their science courses to Science literacy is essential for equipping students with the critical thinking skills needed to understand and participate in an increasingly scientific world. As science educators, integrating literacy strategies into our teaching can profoundly shape how students develop their science skills.ALS - JHS - LEARNING STREAM, LITERACY AND CRITICAL THINKING Topic: Simple Machines SDONETV SulongEdukalidad. Answer: Scientific skills and critical thinking are essential for anyone who wants to become a successful scientist, researcher, or problem solver. These skills involve the ability to analyze information, evaluate evidence, and draw logical conclusions based on empirical evidence. In scientific thinking, one must observe and collect data.