The biology of cancer. Cancer is a disease that begins with genetic and epigenetic alterations occurring in specific cells, some of which can spread and migrate to other tissues. the biological processes affected in carcinogenesis and the evolution of neoplasms are numerous and very different, we will focus on these aspects, Introduction. Langerhans cell histiocytosis LCH is a disease characterized by clonal expansion of myeloid precursors that differentiate into CD1a, CD207, in lesions. It presents at all ages with varying degrees of systemic involvement and, although cure rates are high, it presents serious long-term neurological or endocrine consequences. Introduction. Clonal hematopoiesis CH describes the presence of somatic mutations in the bone marrow or peripheral blood resulting from the clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem and HSPC progenitor cells, and has attracted enormous scientific and clinical interest since the publication of the seminal articles 2- 4. While the development of 2. LCH: MALIGNANT NEOPLASM OR IMMUNE DISORDER, the question of whether LCH is a malignancy or a disorder of immune regulation has been debated for many decades. 2, 3, the debate has shifted to whether it is a malignant disorder, but a number of observations cast doubt on this hypothesis, whether, Introduction: Telomere Biology TBD Disorders are caused by pathogenic germline variants in genes related to telomere maintenance. In TBD, it was hypothesized that CH clonal hematopoiesis would compensate for restricted cell fitness and lead to the development of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia MDS AML. Background: High-throughput sequencing of antibody gene rearrangements is an emerging tool for minimal residual MRD disease monitoring in B-cell malignancies in which the malignant clone harbors a monoclonal Ig heavy chain IgH and/or a κ or λ light chain rearrangement. Promising in B-ALL, hematologic disorders encompass a myriad of conditions ranging from the mundane to the exotic, often broadly grouped as benign or malignant, although the distinction has become increasingly blurred with the recognition of overlapping precancerous conditions. the division between benign and malignant blood disorders. For a long time, CLL is chronic lymphoproliferative, by the presence of ≥5 CD5, CD23, B lymphocytes per microliter of peripheral blood for several months, or by the. Recent studies of acquired mutations and their functional consequences in genetic disorders of bone marrow failure have identified somatic mutations leading to germline genetic mutation reversion, adaptive biological compensation, or clonal progression to malignancy. 5- Complementary mechanisms contributing to · The journey of the malignant plasma cell into its survival niche. The trajectory of multiple myeloma disease is schematized. Top panel, left, CRAB clinical hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia and bone disease, additional diagnostic criteria S.Li.M.sixty percent clonal bone marrow infiltration, light chain ratio,