Vascular endothelium, a monolayer of EC endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cell wall of arteries, veins and capillaries and is therefore in direct contact with blood components and cells. The endothelium is not only a simple barrier between blood and tissues but also an endocrine organ. It actively controls the degree of. Evidence accumulated over the past decade has established the fundamental role of vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF as a key regulator of normal and abnormal angiogenesis. The biological effects of VEGF are mediated by two tyrosine kinase receptors, Flt-1 VEGFR-1 and KDR VEGFR-2. Through its signaling and biological properties, vascular endothelial growth factor acts as a survival factor for newly formed retinal vessels and has implications for retinopathy of prematurity. Role of Flt-tyrosine kinase in the regulation of vascular endothelial assembly. Failure of blood island formation and vasculogenesis in Flk mice. Vascular endothelial growth factor in human colon cancer: biology and therapeutic implications Lee M. Ellis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for vessel number and vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF expression in node-negative colon cancers. Patients with a high number of A vessels or high VEGF B expression had a significant effect. This review aims to summarize recent data regarding the structure and role of members of the vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR families in the context of early development, organogenesis, and regeneration. , with particular emphasis on the role of the latter. factors, Summary. Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF is a key regulator of physiological angiogenesis during embryogenesis, skeletal growth and reproductive functions. VEGF has also been implicated. In addition to endothelial cell ECs and vascular smooth muscle cells, VEGFR is expressed by various cell types, including some epithelial and tumor cells, as well as hematopoietic stem cells, monocytes, and macrophages. 9, - a higher affinity for PIGF, VEGF-B and for VEGF-A, compared to VEGFR-2. VEGFR-1, Systems biology of vascular endothelial growth factors. Of these, the VEGF family of vascular endothelial growth factors is one of the best studied and one of the most complex. Endothelial dysfunction describes several phenotypic conditions. Left panel: Under homeostatic conditions, healthy endothelium regulates physiological vascular function and structure through multiple beneficial effects of nitric oxide NO, hydrogen sulfide, S, and carbon monoxide CO, such as detailed in the text. Right panel, Introduction. The remarkable discovery that genetic deletion of a VEGF allele of vascular endothelial growth factor impairs endothelial and vascular differentiation has led a large number of laboratories to focus on uncovering the signaling mechanisms activated downstream of receptor binding. Many things have been clarified,