Almost all known past chemosynthesis is linked to cold seeps and outcrops along the Apennine range and in Sicily. Only a fraction of them currently have the privilege of being protected by national or regional laws, and usually only because they occur incidentally within a general protected area. The discovery of chemosynthetic ecosystems in deep hydrothermal vents has changed our view of biology. Chemosynthetic bacteria and archaea form the basis of ventilation ecosystems. Chemosynthesis is the process by which specific microorganisms prepare dietary glucose using inorganic substances without sunlight. They rely on the oxidation of sulfur, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide and methane as an energy source. Chemosynthesis. Such microbes called chemoautotrophs can survive extremely harsh conditions like poisoning. Chemosynthesis is the synthesis of organic compounds with the use of energy obtained by oxidation of inorganic elements. compounds. Chemosynthesis occurs in the absence of sunlight, in places like. It is well known that chemosynthesis occurs throughout much of the ocean, but it is often thought to be a negligible process compared to photosynthesis. We propose here that chemosynthesis is the underlying process governing primary production throughout much of the ocean and suggest that it extends to a much wider range of compounds,